只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况
(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which.例如:
① The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
② This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2) 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如:
①Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
[考题1] All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. (1989)
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
[答案] B
[解析] 先行词是不定代词all, 其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导, 在该定语从句中充当主语。
考点72: who/whom引导的定语从句的用法
who、 whom可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词, 在从句中分别充当主语和宾语(在非正式场合下, 除非紧跟于介词之后, who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom)。例如:
1. The visitor who came yesterday is Tom. 昨天来访的那个人是汤姆。(who引导修饰visitor的限定性定语从句, 并且在该从句中充当主语)
2. His friends, who had tried to dissuade him from smoking, did not succeed. 他的那些已经尽力劝阻他抽烟的朋友们并没有成功。(who引导修饰friends的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当主语)
3. First came Mary, whom few of us had expected. 首先来的是我们当中几乎没有人料到的玛丽。(whom引导修饰Mary的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当宾语, 这里的whom可以被who所代替)
4. He is John to whom you ought to address the request. 他是约翰, 你应该向他提出此项请求。(whom引导修饰John的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当介词to的宾语, 这里紧跟于介词to之后的whom不可以被who代替)
注意: that引导限定性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时, 通常可以与who换用。不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。例如: The scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great. 发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而伟大。// Jim is the man with whom she talked. 跟她说过话的那个人是吉姆。
[考题1] Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. (2006北京)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
[答案] C
[解析] 两个下划线处分别引导定语从句修饰表示人的women、 those, 并且在定语从句内部充当主语, 均应采用who的形式。
[考题2] The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002北京春)
A. where B. when C. which D. who
[答案] D
[解析] Who引导非限定性定语从句, 修饰先行词star.
[考题3] He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春)
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
[答案] D
[解析] 被who所引导的限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词是表达单数含义的“the only one”(of the students是the only one的后置定语), 题干中的“for three years”意味着应采用现在完成时表示已经赢得奖学金的情况, 因此本题只能选D.
[考题4] In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. (1992)
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[答案] D
[解析] “turn to sb. (for sth.)”是表示“(就某事或某物)求助于某人”的固定搭配。介词to必不可少, 可以紧跟介词to后引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词person的关系代词只能是whom, 所以下划线处应是“to whom”的形式。
[考题5] I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen. (2005)
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
[答案] D
[解析] 表示“在其中, ……之中的一部分”的含义, 应用介词of (from没有类似用法), 例如: several of my friends (我的几个朋友)、 one of them(他们中间的一个)。修饰先行词friends、 能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些(是生意人)”的关系代词只有whom, 所以本题只能选D.注意: 本题不选A是因为该形式不能引导定语从句, 填入下划线处会导致整个句子包含两个单独的、 缺乏连词连接的简单句(通常情况下这属于病句); 不选B是因为which通常不能引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词; 不选C是因为of放于who之后与some连用导致整个句子的意思难以理解。
[考题6] I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany. (2006辽宁)
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
[答案] D
[解析] 第一个下划线处引导修饰students的定语, 不能采用动词原形而应用现在分词的形式, 据此直接排除选项A、 B; 第二个下划线处引导修饰students的定语从句, 用来补充说明students的情况, 由于them不能引导定语从句, 应直接排除C而选出D.
[考题7] We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南)
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
[答案] B
[解析] 根据“give sth. to sb.”的搭配, 下划线处应以to whom的形式引导定语从句。Which不能引导定语从句修饰人, 所以A、 D应首先排除。
考点73: whose引导的定语从句的用法
whose可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人或事物的先行词, 在定语从句中充当定语。例如:
Is there anyone here whose name is Li Hua? 这儿有叫李华的人吗?(先行词表示人) // The bicycle whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. 刹车坏了的自行车现在已被修好。(先行词表示物)
[考题1] George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004北京)
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
[答案] D
[解析] 题干的意思是: 真名是 Eric Arthur的George Orwell写了很多政治性的小说和短评。四个选项中只有D选项可以引导定语从句修饰主语George Orwell(在定语从句中whose充当定语), 其他选项都使得下划线部分出现一个“主语+系动词+表语”结构, 从而导致整个句子结构紊乱。
[考题2] Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair. (2006福建)
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处引导house的定语从句并在从句内部充当主语roof的定语, 应填入引导词whose.
[考题3] Have you seen the film Titanic, ____ leading actor is world*9鄄famous? (2001上海春)
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处引导定语从句并充当定语从句中主语leading actor的定语, 只能选C.注意: 选项A、 B使得整个句子的结构出现混乱, 应排除。
[考题4] Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津)
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
[答案] B
[解析] 题干中逗号之后为floods的定语从句, 下划线处在定语从句内部充当suffer from的宾语——effects的定语, 相当于名词所有格floods的含义。
本文暂时没有评论,来添加一个吧(●'◡'●)